Carlyles weg zu Goethe. The conductor was Franz Liszt, who chose the date 28 August in honour of Goethe, who was born on 28 August 1749. Goethe's six-volume autobiography, Aus meinem Leben: Dichtung und Wahrheit (1811-22; trans. He was opposed to the church ceremony that was, at the time, the only way of being legally married, so, although she bore Goethe a son, August, in 1789, he didn’t marry her until the Napoleonic army sacked the city in which they lived. Steiner elaborated on that in the books The Theory of Knowledge Implicit in Goethe's World-Conception[52] and Goethe's World View,[53] in which he characterizes intuition as the instrument by which one grasps Goethe's biological archetype—The Typus. [98] Goethe met with her and her partner Benjamin Constant, with whom he shared a mutual admiration. trans. His father, Johann Caspar Goethe (1710–82), the son of a wealthy tailor-turned-innkeeper, was a man of leisure who lived on his inherited fortune and devoted himself, after studying law in Leipzig and Strasbourg and touring Italy, France, and the Low Countries, to collecting books and paintings and to the education of his children. The barricading of the kitchen and the cellar against the wild pillaging soldiery was her work. Jeho otec /císařský rada/ se velmi svědomitě staral o výchovu a vzdělání svého syna. Goethe was educated with his sister at home by tutors until he was 16. [105] He said in Scientific Studies: We conceive of the individual animal as a small world, existing for its own sake, by its own means. He is also widely quoted. "And yet you heard Mozart in his seventh year at Frankfurt?" "[84][85] He did not join in the anti-Napoleonic mood of 1812, and he distrusted the strident nationalism which started to be expressed. V letech 1765-68 studoval v Lipsku práva. During his Italian journey, Goethe formulated a theory of plant metamorphosis in which the archetypal form of the plant is to be found in the leaf – he writes, "from top to bottom a plant is all leaf, united so inseparably with the future bud that one cannot be imagined without the other". Johann Wolfgang von Goethe Johann Wolfgang von Goethe einer der berühmtesten deutschen Dichter wurde am 28. The elephant's skull that led Goethe to this discovery, and was subsequently named the Goethe Elephant, still exists and is displayed in the Ottoneum in Kassel, Germany. His father had made a similar journey during his own youth, and his example was a major motivating factor for Goethe to make the trip. Viewed from within, no part of the animal is a useless or arbitrary product of the formative impulse (as so often thought). At this time, Goethe was acquainted with the court of Darmstadt, where his inventiveness was praised. Goethe was vehemently opposed to Newton's analytic treatment of colour, engaging instead in compiling a comprehensive rational description of a wide variety of colour phenomena. 1749 ve Frankfurtu nad Mohanem. During the year and a half that followed, because of several relapses, the relationship with his father worsened. By 1820, Goethe was on amiable terms with Kaspar Maria von Sternberg. Goethe's original draft of a Faust play, which probably dates from 1773–74, and is now known as the Urfaust, was also published after his death.[36]. [64][65][66] He was one of the central figures in a great flowering of a highly influential Neo-Spinozism[67][68][69] which occurred in German philosophy and literature of the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries. Born in Frankfurt, Germany, on August 28, 1749, Johann Wolfgang von Goethe was tutored extensively in languages as a child. Als Naturforscher kam er zu bedeutenden Erkenntnissen. On 14 October 1772 Goethe held a gathering in his parental home in honour of the first German "Shakespeare Day". Winckelmann had not recognized the distinctness of the two styles. Sein Vater, Johann Caspar Goethe (1710-1782) war Jurist, lebte aber von seinem Vermögen, so dass er nicht zu Arbeiten hatte. These include Hippocrates' "Art is long, life is short", which is echoed in Goethe's Faust and Wilhelm Meister's Apprenticeship. [34] However, Goethe explained his use of Werther in his autobiography. Homology, or as Étienne Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire called it "analogie", was used by Charles Darwin as strong evidence of common descent and of laws of variation. The luck was Goethe's, the steadfastness was displayed by Christiane. He would argue that Classicism was the means of controlling art, and that Romanticism was a sickness, even as he penned poetry rich in memorable images, and rewrote the formal rules of German poetry. Karl Robert Mandelkow, Bodo Morawe: Goethes Briefe. In April 1770, Goethe left Frankfurt in order to finish his studies at the University of Strasbourg. Von 1994 bis 2008 war er Vorsitzender der Gerhart-Hauptmann-Stiftung Kloster auf Hiddensee. His last words, according to his doctor Carl Vogel, were, Mehr Licht! [41] In 1790, he published his Metamorphosis of Plants. [39] Goethe's studies (notably with an elephant's skull lent to him by Samuel Thomas von Soemmerring) led him to independently discover the human intermaxillary bone, also known as "Goethe's bone", in 1784, which Broussonet (1779) and Vicq d'Azyr (1780) had (using different methods) identified several years earlier. [58][59] His own descriptions of his relationship to the Christian faith and even to the Church varied widely and have been interpreted even more widely, so that while Goethe's secretary Eckermann portrayed him as enthusiastic about Christianity, Jesus, Martin Luther, and the Protestant Reformation, even calling Christianity the "ultimate religion,"[60] on one occasion Goethe described himself as "not anti-Christian, nor un-Christian, but most decidedly non-Christian,"[61] and in his Venetian Epigram 66, Goethe listed the symbol of the cross among the four things that he most disliked. The Serbian inventor and electrical engineer Nikola Tesla was heavily influenced by Goethe's Faust, his favorite poem, and had actually memorized the entire text. Referat über Goethe // Der Tragödie zweiter Teil HD (2/2) - Duration: 4:00. Frederick drew aside the sheet, and I was astonished at the divine magnificence of the limbs. [8], Goethe also became acquainted with Frankfurt actors. Stretched upon his back, he reposed as if asleep; profound peace and security reigned in the features of his sublimely noble countenance. For Goethe, his first ten years at Weimar could well be described as a garnering of a degree and range of experience which perhaps could be achieved in no other way. Every creature is its own reason to be. From this milieu came Johann Georg Schlosser (who was later to become his brother-in-law) and Johann Heinrich Merck. Perhaps the single most influential piece is "Mignon's Song" which opens with one of the most famous lines in German poetry, an allusion to Italy: "Kennst du das Land, wo die Zitronen blühn?" Goetha přitahovala anglická literatura, zejména dílo Shakespearovo, které mu zosobňovalo ideál tvůrčí svobody. Das „von“ erhält er, als er 1782 geadelt wird. [83] Goethe sympathized with the American Revolution and later wrote a poem in which he declared "America, you're better off than our continent, the old. Johann Wolfgang von Goethe > German poet, novelist, playwright, courtier, and natural philosopher, one of the greatest figures in Western literature. The first operatic version of Goethe's Faust, by Louis Spohr, appeared in 1814. [90], Goethe had a great effect on the nineteenth century. Referat Johann Wolfgang von Goethe Lebenslauf Kindheit und Jugend - Geburt am 28.08.1749 in Frankfurt am Main - Vater: Johann Caspar Goethe, Jurist - Mutter: Catharina Elisabeth Goethe, Hausfrau. George Henry Lewes celebrated Goethe's revolutionary understanding of the organism. Johann Wolfgang von Goethe Biography by Zoran Minderovic + Follow Artist. Bottrop i W., W. Postberg, 1938 (OCoLC)647618212 But that in my century I am the only person who knows the truth in the difficult science of colours—of that, I say, I am not a little proud, and here I have a consciousness of a superiority to many. [3], A literary celebrity by the age of 25, Goethe was ennobled by the Duke of Saxe-Weimar, Karl August, in 1782 after taking up residence in Weimar in November 1775 following the success of his first novel, The Sorrows of Young Werther (1774). [94][95] Goethe came away from the meeting deeply impressed with Napoleon's enlightened intellect and his efforts to build an alternative to the corrupt old regime. The outer shape of the work's plot is widely taken over from what Goethe experienced during his Wetzlar time with Charlotte Buff (1753–1828)[16] and her fiancé, Johann Christian Kestner (1741–1800),[16] as well as from the suicide of the author's friend Karl Wilhelm Jerusalem (1747–1772); in it, Goethe made a desperate passion of what was in reality a hearty and relaxed friendship. (1749 – 1832) Johann Wolfgang von Goethe se narodil 28. Suicide is considered sinful by Christian doctrine: suicides were denied Christian burial with the bodies often mistreated and dishonoured in various ways; in corollary, the deceased's property and possessions were often confiscated by the Church. Goethe composed literary works and established artistic principles that had a profound influence on his contemporaries throughout Europe, and which are still looked to as models. In many respects, he was the originator of many ideas which later became widespread. He was fascinated by mineralogy, and the mineral goethite (iron oxide) is named after him. Johann Wolfgang von Goethe (1749-1832) a fost unul dintre puţinii artişti creativi chiar şi la o vârstă foarte înaintată. Johann Wolfgang von Goethe’s father, Johann Caspar Goethe (1710–82), was a man of leisure who lived on an inherited fortune. Er bemühte sich um eine Position im Frankfurter Rathaus; doch er wurde abgelehnt. Goethe's preoccupation with and reverence for Spinoza are well known and documented in the history of Western thought. (The Duke at the time was 18 years of age, to Goethe's 26.) [15] Several of his poems, like "Willkommen und Abschied", "Sesenheimer Lieder" and "Heidenröslein", originate from this time. Dobře znal i lteraturu v těchto jazycích psanou. In: Grove's Dictionary of Music and Musicians, 5th ed., 1954, 'Goethe's Message of Beauty in Our Twentieth Century World', (Friedrich). The literary estate of Goethe in the Goethe and Schiller Archives was inscribed on UNESCO's Memory of the World Register in 2001 in recognition of its historical significance.[103]. Late at night they burst into his bedroom with drawn bayonets. Johann Caspar, feeling frustrated in his own ambitions, was determined that his children should have all those advantages that he had not.[6]. His poetry was set to music by almost every major Austrian and German composer from Mozart to Mahler, and his influence would spread to French drama and opera as well. Douglas Miller, Karl August, Duke of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach, "Goethe und Carl August – Freundschaft und Politik", "The auto-biography of Goethe. (82 évesen) Weimar: Sírhely: Weimarer Fürstengruft: Nemzetiség: német: Szülei: Johann Caspar Goethe és Catharina Elisabeth Textor: Házastársa : Christiane Vulpius: Gyermekei: August von Goethe: P The two became close friends, and crucially to Goethe's intellectual development, Herder kindled his interest in Shakespeare, Ossian and in the notion of Volkspoesie (folk poetry). With these I must come to terms when I have long wandered alone; they may call me right and wrong; to them will I listen when in the process they call each other right and wrong."[92]. This prematurely terminated his career as a lawyer after only a few months. Freddie Ireland; 2 Life. Goethe became a key reference for Thomas Mann in his speeches and essays defending the republic. At the same time, though, he seriously studied alchemy and may already have formed the idea of writing a play about Faust, a half-legendary figure who sells his soul to the Devil for knowledge and power and who became the subject of Goethe’s greatest work. His works include: four novels; epic and lyric poetry; prose and verse dramas; memoirs; an autobiography; literary and aesthetic criticism; and treatises on botany, anatomy, and colour. Goethe finished Faust Part Two in the year of his death, and the work was published posthumously. How could I, to whom the only significant things are civilization [Kultur] and barbarism, hate a nation which is among the most cultivated in the world, and to which I owe a great part of my own culture? In 1779, Goethe took on the War Commission of the Grand Duchy of Saxe-Weimar, in addition to the Mines and Highways commissions. Genre/Form: Academic theses: Additional Physical Format: Online version: Plagens, Hermann. He also took great pleasure in reading works on history and religion. The next work, his epic closet drama Faust, was completed in stages. His writings were immediately influential in literary and artistic circles. phil. During the years at Weimar before he met Schiller he began Wilhelm Meister's Apprenticeship, wrote the dramas Iphigenie auf Tauris (Iphigenia in Tauris), Egmont, Torquato Tasso, and the fable Reineke Fuchs. He claims to deduce from it that the barometric level varies in the same proportion not only in each zone but that it has the same variation, too, at different altitudes above sea-level". Goethe thus went to live in Weimar, where he remained for the rest of his life and where, over the course of many years, he held a succession of offices, becoming the Duke's friend and chief adviser. The first production of Richard Wagner's opera Lohengrin took place in Weimar in 1850. After being translated into English by Charles Eastlake in 1840, his theory became widely adopted by the art world, most notably J. M. W. His other compositions inspired by Goethe include the overture Calm Sea and Prosperous Voyage (Op. [25] During that time he also developed a deep emotional bond with the Polish pianist Maria Agata Szymanowska.[26]. [76] A year before his death, in a letter to Sulpiz Boisserée, Goethe wrote that he had the feeling that all his life he had been aspiring to qualify as one of the Hypsistarians, an ancient sect of the Black Sea region who, in his understanding, sought to reverence, as being close to the Godhead, what came to their knowledge of the best and most perfect. He continued, "Pederasty is as old as humanity itself, and one can therefore say, that it resides in nature, even if it proceeds against nature....What culture has won from nature will not be surrendered or given up at any price. [107], Thinkers such as Ralph Waldo Emerson would take up many similar ideas in the 1800s. He writes about this period: I had from childhood the singular habit of always learning by heart the beginnings of books, and the divisions of a work, first of the five books of Moses, and then of the 'Aeneid' and Ovid's 'Metamorphoses'. Goethe also pursued literary plans again; this time, his father did not have anything against it, and even helped. Goethe, aside from official duties, was also a friend and confidant to the Duke, and participated fully in the activities of the court. Be on the lookout for your Britannica newsletter to get trusted stories delivered right to your inbox. Goethe took revenge by starting his first mature play, Die Mitschuldigen (1787; “Partners in Guilt”), a verse comedy showing a woman’s regrets after a year of marriage to the wrong man. I laid my hand on his heart – there was a deep silence – and I turned away to give free vent to my suppressed tears. Unlike most of his contemporaries, he had no need, at least in the first half of his life, to seek princely patronage of his writing or employment as an official or an academic. Novalis, himself a geologist and mining engineer, expressed the opinion that Goethe was the first physicist of his time and "epoch-making in the history of physics", writing that Goethe's studies of light, of the metamorphosis of plants and of insects were indications and proofs "that the perfect educational lecture belongs in the artist's sphere of work"; and that Goethe would be surpassed "but only in the way in which the ancients can be surpassed, in inner content and force, in variety and depth—as an artist actually not, or only very little, for his rightness and intensity are perhaps already more exemplary than it would seem". Our editors will review what you’ve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. Another emotional factor in the poet’s childhood that may have affected his later development was a love-hate relationship with a younger brother, who died in 1759 at age six: Goethe’s later relationships with literary contemporaries were ambiguous, though he nonetheless described them as “brothers,” and he was repelled by literary and artistic representations of death. Omissions? Goethe studied law at Leipzig University from 1765 to 1768. The mighty brow seemed yet to harbour thoughts. Er war Schneider von Beruf und arbeitete mehrere Jahre in Frankreich. His conversations and various shared undertakings throughout the 1790s with Schiller, Johann Gottlieb Fichte, Johann Gottfried Herder, Alexander von Humboldt, Wilhelm von Humboldt, and August and Friedrich Schlegel have come to be collectively termed Weimar Classicism. Already at this time, Goethe wrote a good deal, but he threw away nearly all of these works, except for the comedy Die Mitschuldigen. [102] He emphasized Goethe's "cultural and self-developing individualism", humanism, and cosmopolitanism.[102]. Johann Wolfgang Goethe, înnobilat în anul 1782 (n. 28 august 1749, Frankfurt am Main – d. 22 martie 1832, Weimar) a fost un poet german, ilustru gânditor și om de știință, una dintre cele mai de seamă personalități ale culturii universale. 8. Preview referat: Faust de Johann Wolfgang von Goethe . In Alsace, Goethe blossomed. In the literary culture of the German-speaking countries, he has had so dominant a position that, since the end of the 18th century, his writings have been described as “classical.”. )[18], In 1775, Goethe was invited, on the strength of his fame as the author of The Sorrows of Young Werther, to the court of Karl August, Duke of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach, who would become Grand Duke in 1815. Johann Wolfgang von Goethe je ne-li největším spisovatelem německého jazyka všech dob, pak zaručeně nejslavnějším. [104] However, he was critical of Bacon's inductive method and approach based on pure classification. Johann Wolfgang von Goethe (1749–1832) was a German poet, playwright, novelist, scientist, statesman, theatre director, critic, and amateur artist.
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